Most areas of law enforcement require investigative tools to provide evidence of violations and harm. Antitrust law’s single-minded focus on prices, output, and innovation explains its selection of economic tools. These tools were pro-enforcement and were embraced consistently by the Supreme Court, including proponents of scientific evidence such as Justice Brandeis.Read More

The European Union’s AI Act is one of the first attempts to regulate artificial intelligence technologies. Given that previous European digital regulations, such as the GDPR, have influenced laws all over the world, can we expect to see the AI Act as a global standard? This article argues that there are good reasons to believe...Read More

The article reviews and evaluates results from several recently published industry studies that evaluate the evolution of market power over long time horizons. Evaluated collectively, the studies point to technological advances as being a primary driver of changing markups, concentration, and prices. They also highlight the role of industry heterogeneity, as the specific implications of...Read More

Many of Europe’s economies are hampered by a waning number of innovations, which in part is attributable to the European financial system’s aversion to funding innovative enterprises and initiatives. Specifically, Europe’s innovation finance ecosystem lacks scale, plurality, and risk appetite. These problems could be addressed by new and creative approaches and technologies for financing dynamism...Read More