Fall 2026Killers and keepersPublished 13 October 2026
Not All Network Effects Are Red Flags: A Simple Screen for Digital Vertical Mergers
Johannes Johnen Associate Professor of Economics, Université catholique de Louvain
Shiva Shekhar Associate Professor, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University
This paper proposes a simple yet useful framework for evaluating vertical mergers in digital markets by distinguishing between product-specific and ecosystem-specific network effects. Vis-à-vis no network effects, product-specific network effects amplify foreclosure and steering incentives, as a rival’s growth…