Artificial intelligence
50 publications.
Publications
Newest first, page 1 of 2- 23 March 2026
The Matthew Effect at Scale: Attention Scarcity and the AI Output Explosion
Generative AI is lowering the marginal cost of academic writing. A natural prediction is that this will allow more researchers to exercise scientific influence. This article argues that the effects are more complex.
- 1 October 2025
The Future-Proof Fantasy of AI Regulation
The EU’s quest for “future-proof” AI regulation is a fantasy. AI evolves through emergent properties that defy prediction, yet Brussels continues to draft rules with an industrial, linear mindset.
- 29 September 2025
Principal-Agent Dynamics and Digital (Platform) Economics in the Age of Agentic AI
Volker Stocker and William Lehr
This article applies the principal–agent framework to the use of autonomous AI systems in digital markets. It examines the challenge of aligning AI agents with the interests of end-users, given that many systems may also reflect…
Machines in the marketMarkets in motionGuarding the gatekeepers
- 26 September 2025
Personalized Competition Law: The New Frontier of AI Market Governance
Artificial Intelligence technologies prompt several doctrinal shifts in competition law. For AI market governance, this means moving toward personalized enforcement.
- 24 September 2025
Implementing the European AI Act: Balancing Horizontal Consistency with Sector-Specific Requirements
The European Union’s AI Act applies across a broad range of domains and use cases, aiming to promote horizontal consistency and prevent the sectoral fragmentation of AI governance.
- 22 September 2025
The New AI Regulation in Korea: Problems of Jurisdictional Overlaps
Each country has distinct governmental and political systems, which reflect its unique approaches to digital regulation. Korea stands out for its proactive regulatory policies in the digital markets, including the field of…
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersBeyond Brussels and Washington
- 19 September 2025
Japanese AI Regulation and Competition Law
Kyohei Yamamoto and Yasunori Tabei
This article explores Japan’s emerging approach to regulating generative AI, balancing innovation and risk. The government emphasizes soft, sector-specific regulation guided by international norms, while the 2025 AI Bill outlines…
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersBeyond Brussels and Washington
- 17 September 2025
Crafting the Regulatory Ecosystem for AI: Competition 2.0
The challenges of the global landscape and new market realities, significantly led by the digital sector and AI development, are poised to shape competition policy and call for an unprecedented level of inter-policy coordination.
- 15 September 2025
Statutory Obsolescence in the Age of Innovation: A Few Thoughts about GDPR
This article examines the problem of statutory obsolescence in the regulation of rapidly evolving technologies, with a focus on GDPR and generative AI.
- 12 September 2025
AI Governance as Regulation of Collective Memory
The emerging regulatory landscape in the field of AI will substantially influence the construction of collective memory and play a critical role in shaping our “future’s past”.
- 10 September 2025
Dams For The Infinite River: Limits To Copyright’s Power Over The Next-Generation of Generative AI Media
As the levels of speed and control of Generative AI tech increase to a degree that any media can be changed in real-time to the whim of the consumer, content is becoming interactive – each image its own canvas, each song its own…
- 8 September 2025
Governing Hyperobjects: The New Economics of AI Regulation
Artificial intelligence is not simply a hard regulatory problem, but a fundamentally different kind of object – a hyperobject. Like global warming or the internet, AI operates at scales of space, time, and complexity that exceed…
Machines in the marketMarkets in motionEconomists at the bar
- 5 September 2025
The Regulation that Cried Wolf: Generative AI Training Data and the Challenge of Lawful Scale
This essay examines how the EU’s Digital Markets Act unintentionally reshapes the foundations of generative AI. By barring gatekeepers from relying on “legitimate interest” as a legal basis for processing personal data, the DMA…
- 3 September 2025
Artificial Intelligence and Data Policies: Regulatory Overlaps and Economic Tradeoffs
Ginger Zhe Jin, Liad Wagman and Mengyi Zhong
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked intense policy debates worldwide on whether and how to govern the technology. Because data is an input into the training of modern AI systems, existing data regulations may…
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersEconomists at the bar
- 2 September 2025
Toward Compliance Zero: AI and the Vanishing Costs of Regulatory Compliance
Thanks to recent advances in artificial intelligence, we can now automate tasks that we have never before been able to automate. Work that was expensive has become cheap; tasks that once required a lot of time can now be…
- 30 June 2025
Computational Antitrust: Evidence From 25 Antitrust Agencies
This paper explores patterns from the Stanford Computational Antitrust project’s fourth annual report, which includes contributions from 25 agencies worldwide.
Machines in the marketAntitrust, computedBeyond Brussels and Washington
- 5 March 2025
Will the EU AI Act Shape Global Regulation?
The European Union’s AI Act is one of the first attempts to regulate artificial intelligence technologies. Given that previous European digital regulations, such as the GDPR, have influenced laws all over the world, can we expect…
- 13 January 2025
A Framework for Assessing the Competitiveness of AI Partnerships
The year 2024 marked a pivotal moment as antitrust agencies accelerated their efforts in generative AI (see our database). AI partnerships have drawn significant attention in the space, with the CMA, DOJ, European Commission, and…
- 27 August 2024
In Praise of World Controllers: For A World Without Change
Context: In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, the World State is governed by ten men known as World Controllers. They oversee a society where stability, order, and happiness are preserved at the expense of individuality, freedom…
- 20 May 2024
A New Measure For GenAI Competition
This short article serves as an introduction to the working paper by Thibault Schrepel and Jason Potts entitled “Measuring the Openness of AI Foundation Models: Competition and Policy Implications”
- 25 March 2024
The Urgent Need to Tax Digital Advertising
Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson
There is widespread agreement that social media has become a major social problem. The original hope was that Facebook, Google, Twitter, and similar products would help people connect and encourage more decentralized forms of…
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersEconomists at the bar
- 20 March 2024
Introducing the “Scaling Theory” podcast
Network Law Review
The Network Law Review is proud to support the “Scaling Theory” podcast created by Dr. Thibault Schrepel, LL.M. and available on your favorite platforms (Spotify, Apple, YouTube).
- 18 March 2024
Digital Empires Reinforced? Generative AI Value Chain
Is it a problem to see artificial intelligence (AI) foundation model developers partnering with large incumbents in the big tech industry? Is potential future market power in the AI industry to be avoided under any circumstances?
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersEconomists at the bar
- 7 March 2024
Toward A Working Theory of Ecosystems in Antitrust Law: The Role of Complexity Science
Antitrust agencies are getting increasingly interested in understanding digital ecosystems. As someone who has long advocated for examining ecosystems in antitrust (ah, Ph.D. days...), I can only welcome this development.
- 5 March 2024
AI Regulation and 6G: The Measurement Ecosystem Challenge
William Lehr and Volker Stocker
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its economic impacts have been emerging over decades. Even though the public launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in November 2022 has caused a frenzy about generative AI that arguably prompted a surge in…
- 5 March 2024
Generative AI: The Input Data Riddle
Generative AI systems create new outputs from input data. This raises an issue under existing laws, notably the GDPR, which focus chiefly on the conditions of data input.
- 4 March 2024
A Networks-of-Networks Perspective on AI Policy
This contribution suggests that the regulatory efforts in the field of AI can benefit from a Networks-of-Networks perspective. Networks-of-Networks is a cutting-edge subfield in the domain of complexity and network theory, which…
- 29 February 2024
Do We Need to Know What Is Artificial? Unpacking Disclosure & Generating Trust in an Era of Algorithmic Action
Should users have the right to know when they are chatting with a bot? Should companies providing generative AI applications be obliged to mark the generated products as AI-generated or alert users of generative chats that the…
- 28 February 2024
Does Artificial Intelligence Have the Right to Freedom of Speech?
Does artificial intelligence (AI) have rights? Is it protected by free speech principles? Consider this, from ChatGPT: Attention all health-conscious individuals! Are you worried about the risk of developing cancer?
- 27 February 2024
Is Generative AI the Algorithmic Consumer We Are Waiting For?
Generative AI is the technology de jur. This is not surprising, given that this general-use technology is already disrupting markets across industries and sectors, invoking debates about the future of some businesses, jobs and…
- 26 February 2024
Can Telecommunications Regulation Inform Emerging Regulatory Approaches To Generative AI?: An Initial Inquiry
Generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) has captured the public’s imagination, sparking both excitement and concern about the future of this novel technology.
- 22 February 2024
Discit ergo est: Training Data Provenance And Fair Use
Robert Mahari and Shayne Longpre
AI is the product of its training data. Public discussion of this subject frequently centers on massive corpora of text and images that have been scraped from the web, often without consent from the creators of these works.
Machines in the marketGuarding the gatekeepersCoders at the bar
- 21 February 2024
Who Owns Generative AI Training Data? Mapping The Issue And A Way Forward
Access to data is a critical factor in developing and training artificial intelligence systems, and it plays a key role in AI progress. With the rise of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) – the type of AI that powers…
- 20 February 2024
Two Views on Regulating Competition in Generative AI
Anouk van der Veer and Friso Bostoen
The use of generative AI (GenAI) exploded by the end of 2022. Now, just one year later, EU lawmakers are already calling for the regulation of competition (or the lack of it) in the GenAI market.
- 19 February 2024
Artificial Intelligence and Market Power
Human beings, like all other living things, seek to extract signal from noise in their environment to help them pursue strategies that enhance their fitness.
Machines in the marketWhat is antitrust for?Economists at the bar
- 15 February 2024
Generative AI And Productivity: Challenges, Opportunities And The Role of Policy
Flavio Calvino and Chiara Criscuolo
The rapid developments of generative artificial intelligence (henceforth, “generative AI”) have the potential to significantly reshaping economies and societies, with pervasive impacts on more and more aspects of everyday life.
- 14 February 2024
What New Legal Rules Could Foster Competition and Innovation Dynamics In The Generative AI Ecosystem?
1. Generative AI: Regulatory challenges in a new technological era The age of digitalization is currently reaching new heights with the enormous progress made in the field of generative AI.
- 13 February 2024
Generative AI’s Potential Impact on Online Competition
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to become one of the most transformative developments in the history of technology.
- 12 February 2024
Sources of Innovation in Generative AI
Innovation drives competition, so when designing competition policy in an industry we need to understand the sources of innovation in that industry.
Machines in the marketMarkets in motionEconomists at the bar
- 23 January 2024
A Database of Antitrust Initiatives Targeting Generative AI
Antitrust agencies are increasingly interested in generative AI. This can be good news. As Sandy Pentland and I wrote last year, the competitive dynamics in this space can be supported by a careful antitrust agenda.