Digital and technology markets are often analyzed as if innovation moves along a smooth path. We describe an alternative view: innovation unfolds on rugged technological landscapes, where firms learn from prior successes and failures and choose between expanding the frontier and innovating within existing niches. This distinction helps explain why innovation may stall without exclusion,...Read More
This edition of the Latin Antitrust Chronicles provides an overview of the main developments that took place in late 2025 and early 2026 across Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The developments in Argentina and Mexico, on the one hand, focus on changes implemented in the respective antitrust regimes, whereas the updates from Brazil, on the other...Read More
There were a number of decisions from January through March 2026, including: (1) the Ninth Circuit’s decision in AliveCor v. Apple, holding that Apple’s alleged refusal to continue sharing certain data with third-party app developers was properly classified as a refusal to deal (as opposed to predatory product design); (2) the FTC’s win in FTC...Read More
Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is the most ambitious economic transformation program in the world today, yet it is widely misunderstood in the West. This article introduces a new analytical framework to explain how digital technologies are upgrading the operating system of Saudi capitalism, shifting the economy from rent distribution to value creation through deeper, more...Read More
This issue presents recent developments in EU competition law enforcement in digital markets. It examines the growing phenomenon of parallel investigations by the Commission and national competition authorities – illustrated by the WhatsApp and Amazon Buy Box cases – and the challenges of enforcement allocation within the European Competition Network. The analysis also explores the...Read More
Many parts of the legal system pursue “fair” distributions of wealth or economic status. Antitrust law does not. The antitrust statutes target practices that reduce output or threaten monopoly (measured through prices, output, quality, or innovation) not distributive outcomes.Read More
